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<h1>C <span class="color_h1">语言教程</span></h1>

<div class="tutintro">
<img decoding="async" src="https://www.runoob.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/c-mini-logo.png" />
<p>C 语言是一种通用的、面向过程式的计算机程序设计语言。1972 年，为了移植与开发 UNIX 操作系统，丹尼斯·里奇在贝尔电话实验室设计开发了 C 语言。</p>
<p>C 语言是一种广泛使用的计算机语言，它与 Java 编程语言一样普及，二者在现代软件程序员之间都得到广泛使用。</p>
<p>当前最新的 C 语言标准为 C18 ，在它之前的 C 语言标准有 C17、C11...C99 等。</p>
<p><b><a href="../cprogramming/c-intro.html">现在开始学习 C 编程！</a></b></p>
<p><a href="../try/showc.php?filename=helloworld&language=c" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">C 在线工具</a></p>
</div>

<h2 class="tutheader">谁适合阅读本教程？</h2>
<p>本教程是专门为需要从零开始了解 C 语言的软件程序员打造的。本教程将让您对 C 语言有足够的认识，从而提升您自己的专业知识水平。</p>

<h2 class="tutheader">阅读本教程前，您需要了解的知识：</h2>
<p>在开始学习本教程之前，您需要对计算机编程术语有基本的了解。对任何一种编程语言有基本的了解将有助于您理解 C 语言编程概念，并有助于加快您的学习进度。</p>

<h2 class="tutheader">编译/执行 C 程序</h2>
<div class="example">
<h2 class="example">实例</h2>
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-prepro">#include</span><span class="hl-prepro"> </span><span class="hl-quotes">&lt;</span><span class="hl-string">stdio.h</span><span class="hl-quotes">&gt;</span><span class="hl-prepro"></span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-types">int</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">main</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-brackets">{</span><span class="hl-code">
    </span><span class="hl-mlcomment">/*</span><span class="hl-mlcomment"> 我的第一个 C 程序 </span><span class="hl-mlcomment">*/</span><span class="hl-code">
    </span><span class="hl-identifier">printf</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">Hello, World! </span><span class="hl-special">\</span><span class="hl-string">n</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">;
 
    </span><span class="hl-reserved">return</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-number">0</span><span class="hl-code">;
</span><span class="hl-brackets">}</span></div>
</div>
<br><a target="_blank" href="../try/showc.php?filename=helloworld&language=c" class="showbtn" rel="noopener noreferrer">运行实例 »</a>
</div>

</pre>
<p><b>实例解析：</b></p>

<ul>
	<li>所有的 C 语言程序都需要包含 <b>main()</b> 函数。 代码从 <b>main()</b> 函数开始执行。</li>
<li><strong>/* ... */</strong> 用于注释说明。</li>
	<li><b>printf()</b> 用于格式化输出到屏幕。<b>printf()</b> 函数在 <b>"stdio.h"</b> 头文件中声明。</li>
	<li><b>stdio.h</b> 是一个头文件 (标准输入输出头文件) , <b>#include</b> 是一个预处理命令，用来引入头文件。
	 当编译器遇到 <b>printf()</b> 函数时，如果没有找到 <b>stdio.h</b> 头文件，会发生编译错误。</li>
	<li><b>return 0;</b> 语句用于表示退出程序。</li>
</ul>			<!-- 其他扩展 -->
						
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    <span class="mw-headline" id="qa_headline">4  篇笔记</span>
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		<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-27976"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;飞奔的蚂蚁2018</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;138***86735@163.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-27976" data-commid = "27976" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">2013</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-27976"><p>运行 <strong>C</strong> 程序，<span class="marked">main(int argc, char *argv[])</span> 函数传参，<strong>argc</strong> 为参数个数，<strong>argv</strong> 是字符串数组， 下标从 <strong>0</strong> 开始，第一个存放的是可执行程序的文件名字，然后依次存放传入的参数，举个例子 <strong>HelloWorld.c</strong> ：</p>
<pre>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt; 

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{ 
    /* 我的第一个 C 程序 */ 
    printf("可执行程序 %s ,参数个数为[%d], 运行输出：[%s]\n",argv[0],argc,argv[1]); 
    return 0;
}</pre>
<p>编译 <strong>gcc HelloWorld.c</strong>，得到可执行程序 <strong>a.out</strong>，运行程序：</p>

<pre>./a.out Hello,World!
可执行程序 ./a.out ,参数个数为[2], 运行输出：[Hello,World!]</pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">飞奔的蚂蚁2018</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;飞奔的蚂蚁2018</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;138***86735@163.com</p></div></span>5年前 (2018-05-31)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-28827"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;codeJun</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;460***593@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-28827" data-commid = "28827" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">1238</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-28827"><p>当是 <span class="marked">int main()</span> 时，<strong>main()</strong> 的返回值是 <strong>int</strong> 类型，所以是 <span class="marked">return 0;</span> 现在 <strong>C</strong> 标准里规定 <strong>main()</strong> 返回值必须为 <strong>int</strong>，所以必须写成是 <strong>int main()</strong>。</p>

<pre>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
int main(){
    /* 我的第一个 C 程序 */
    printf("Hello, World!\n");
    return 0;
}</pre>
<p>当是 <span class="marked">void main()</span> 时，<strong>main()</strong> 的返回值是空，所以可以不写或者是 <span class="marked">return;</span> 但这是以前的写法了，现在很少用 <strong>void main()</strong> 了，也不推荐大家这么用。写出来的目的就是给大家提个醒，别犯一些低级错误。</p>

<pre>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
void main(){
    /* 我的第一个 C 程序 */
    printf("Hello, World!\n");
    return ;
}</pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">codeJun</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;codeJun</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;460***593@qq.com</p></div></span>5年前 (2018-06-27)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-33844"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bob</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;139***66638@139.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/456098400945650005.html">&nbsp;&nbsp;参考地址</a></p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-33844" data-commid = "33844" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">661</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-33844"><p data-title="implicitly declaring library function 'printf' with type'int (const char *, ...)"><strong>warning: implicitly declaring library function 'printf' with type'int (const char *, ...)' [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]</strong></p>

<p>以上警告一般发生在没有包含头文件 <strong>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;</strong> 就使用 <strong>printf</strong> 的情况</p>
<pre>int main(){
    printf("Hello, World!\n");
    return 0;
}</pre>

<p>这句话提示的意思是：<strong>用类型“int (const char *,...)”隐式声明了库函数printf。</strong></p>
<p><strong>该提示的背景知识：</strong>因为 printf 这一类库函数太常用了，所以编译器在编译的时候，发现源文件中并没有声明 printf 这个函数就直接使用了它，那么编译器就会为 printf 函数隐式生成一个声明。你那个编译器提示你，它为printf生成的隐式声明是：<span class="marked">int printf(const char *, ...)</span></p>
<p><strong>该提示后果：</strong>通常情况下，这个提示只是一个 warning，而不是 error，编译仍然可以通过。</p>
<p><strong>解决方案：</strong>要消除这个提示，只要加上 printf 的声明就行了。printf 函数是一个库函数，它的声明在 stdio.h 文件里。所以，你只要在源文件中 <strong>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;</strong> 就可以了。</p><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="../note/33844">Bob</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bob</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;139***66638@139.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/456098400945650005.html">&nbsp;&nbsp;参考地址</a></p></div></span>5年前 (2018-08-10)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-42066"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;蓝</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;185***00@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-42066" data-commid = "42066" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">1371</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-42066"><pre>#include&lt;stdio.h&gt;  

/*
这一句话是必须要的格式
stdio 表示系统文件库, 也可以声明其它的
.h  表示头文件,因为这些文件都是放在程序各文件的开头
#include 告诉预处理器将指定头文件的内容插入到预处理器命令的相应位  导入头文件的预编译指令
&lt;&gt; 表示系统自带的库
也可以写成" " 表示用户自定义的库
如果写成" "并且自定义的库里面没有这个文件系统会自动查找自带的库,如果还是没有报错
*/

int main() // 程序的入口
{ //程序从这里开始运行
/*
int 表示数字格式,返回一个数字
main()主函数 表示程序的入口  一个程序有且只能有一个main函数的存在
*/
printf("hello C"); //打印一个hello C
return 0; //返回一个整数0,因为它是int类型,所以只能返回整数
}  //程序从这里结束</pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">蓝</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;蓝</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;185***00@qq.com</p></div></span>4年前 (2019-04-21)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
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